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P. K. Raja Sandow
Raja Sandow (1894〔Theodore Baskaran in his ''The eye of the serpent'' gives 1894 as the year of birth for Sandow. Randor Guy says he was born in 1895.〕-1943) (born as P.K. Nagalingam) was a Tamil film actor, film director and producer. He began his career as an actor in silent films and later became a prominent actor and director in Tamil and Hindi films of the 1930s. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of early Indian cinema.〔(Mylapore and movies, The Hindu 18 October 2001 )〕〔(Trendsetter from www.screenindia.com )〕〔( Blazing new trails, The Hindu 2 May 2004 )〕
==Biography and career==
Raja Sandow was born in Pudukottai, Tamil Nadu. He was trained as a gymnast and started his film career as a stunt actor in S.N. Patankar's National Film Company at Bombay. He was given the name "Raja Sandow" because of his physique (after strongman Eugen Sandow). His first lead role was in Patankar's ''Bhaktha Bhodhana'' (1922), for which he was paid Rs. 101 as salary. He became famous by starring in silient films like ''Veer Bhemsen'' (1923), ''The Telephone Girl'' (1926). After acting in a few silent films he also worked as a director in Ranjit Studios for a monthly salary.〔 His first film as director was ''Sneh Jyoti'' (1928).
Returning to Tamil Nadu, he directed and acted in a number of silent films for R. Padmanaban's Associate Film Company.〔 Many of his silent films had reformist social themes like ''Peyum pennum'' (1930), ''Nandhanar'' (1930), ''Anadhai Penn'' (1931), ''Pride of Hindustan'' (1931) and ''sathi usha sundari'' (1931). After talking films were introduced with ''Alam Ara'' in 1931, he went back to Bombay and starred in many Hindi and Tamil talkies. He was often paired with the actresses Gohar and Sulochana (Ruby Myers).〔〔 Between 1932–35, he acted in many socially themed Hindi films like ''Shyam sundar'' (1932), ''Devaki'' (1934) and ''Indira MA'' (1935). In 1935, he was commissioned to direct his first Tamil film ''Menaka'' and returned to Madras. He continued directing and acting in films till his death in 1943. ''Vasantha Sena''(1936), ''Chalak Chor'' (1936), ''Chandra kantha'' (1936), ''Vishnuleela'' (1938), ''Thiruneelakantar'' (1939) and ''Choodamani'' (1941) were some of the films he directed and starred in during that period. The last film he worked in was ''Sivakavi'' (1943).
Sandow suffered a heart attack and died at Coimbatore on 25 November 1943.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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